2.
   2022
/  

(  )
: 3     :70
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.  -           
2.       '   :
(i)       
(ii)    
(iii)    
-
3.           
4.           
-
2.
5.               
 
6.              
-
7.           
8.   '   :
(i)     
(ii)     
2.
   2022
/  

(  )
: 3     :70
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.  -           
: 
   ,  
   , ,   
               
   -          ,  
 ,               
               

    
,  , ,         
    
 ,         ,     ' 
       :
1.   -  (- )
2.      ( )
3. -    (-  /  )
                

             
2.
  -  (- )
 
, , , ,  ,       
  ,  
       ,   '  
,                 -
    
          ,   '   250  
500     '       ,    
              45
      ,       -   
                 '  
  
,           C  C 
          
 -       
         ,      
 '       ,       
     ,    ,     
 ,  ( ),        '   
   '              ,  
   
    
   ,     
 
 ,               
 
     ( )
    
, , , , , , 
                '
   
           

   -    -    
    ,   '  500   800   
                  
   -   40-45    -   ,  
       ,      -

        ,      
       ,         
 ,            
2.
         ,          
    '     ( )   (  
)        
      
   
      -         
   ,           , , 
       
 ,   " "   - -   
 
  
,  ,        
-     (- )
 ,  
, , ,  (),  
()       ,   -   

 ,   ,         
         ,      
   
 -                ,
  '  800   1100         

           
      -    
  
   ,             , 
   (    )        
      
 
   ,      ,      
            ,  , ,
,             
    
      
          ,    
       
 
   (  )
   ,    '       :
2.
1.  (-)-  ,    
2.  (-)-   
3.   / (-)-   
4.  (-)  ,      

 ,          ,      
 -     ,         , 
-             
,  ,   ,          
              
    
2.       '   :
(i)       
(ii)    
(iii)    
:🌟(i)       
🌟-
           ,     -
 -             8% 
      "- "        
 
       ,        
 
 
🌟
:   ,        
       
:           , 
     
2.
:     ,          

:-  - ,       
  
👉  :          , , 
          
🌟
              
   ,        
 ,    '    ,     
,        
 
  ,          71,621 
        
👉       :    ,   
      
🌟
    
 
    
 
          
🌟
  ,      :
        
    
        
🌟(ii)    
🌟-
    '     ,     
            '  
                ,  
     
 
🌟    
2.
1.      , 
:  ( )
:  1,260 
          
        
 
2.     ,   ()
:   
:  920 
     
      
3.     ,  
     , 1970     
: 440 
           
🌟    
:       
:       
:  -     
👉  :       ,   -  
  
🌟   
 :          
 :    ,       
   :       , 
       
🌟  
 - -   '        
         ,   -  
           
 
🌟
2.
             
 :
      
  - , ,   
         
  - 
          
 
👉  ,    
        
                
          
-
3.           
:  
                
         , ,   
          ,      
  -,  , , , , ,   
         
 ,           '      
            
      
;     , , 
           
   -,
, ,           
          
    
   '            
       ,         
      ,   ,        
    
     
2.
    1947     ,        
        , ,     
  ,              
       
,   ,  -         
   
      
1.     
  ,    ,     
        ,       
      
  ,       
2.     
1960  1970              
, ,   -         
        ,        
  
? 
     
       , 
 , -           , 
    ,    ,  ,   
    -        , , ,
, ,          
3.  
      ;        
    ,     ,    , 
               
,               
    
4.      
  ,      , ,  , , ,
,          ',   
2.
    
           
       
5.  
                 
     ,   ' ,  ,   
         , ,     
         '     ,   
  ,              
      
    
,               
         ,     
               
         ,  ,  ,
 ,             
,             ,  
    
      
 ,   
  ,  ()          
     
       :
1.   , ,        , 
        
2.   -   , ,  , ,  
         
3.   - , , , ,    
      
 
4.  -   , ,    
   
5.    -        
    
2.
    
,      
 :
1.   -
         
    
    
2.    -
         
 
3.     
  -     
4. 
    ,      
5.    
    
;      - 
   
6.    
            

             
         ,      
     ,     '     , 
,  , ,       
        
    ,         
 ,   -, ,         
    ,       ,   ,
             
                 
  
2.
4.           
:🌾  :   
🌟-
  "  "  "    "    
  
      1960          
,              ,    
              
 
👉  :             ' 
    
🌟     
1.       
            
  -          
  
2.    
    -    (HYVs)  
,      
,     
1960-70        
3. -      
   ()     ()    -
  
        
    

 
4.   
             
         
          
5.    
2.
,       
    '  
          
6. - 
   (FCI) 
  
-   (MSP)   
      
   
        
🌟    
1.    
              
          
      
2.      
           
         
 
        
3. -    
   '     
 
      ,        
        
4.  
             
          
            

5.     
        
 
       
           
 
2.
6.     
            
    ,    '    
7.    
          
                


📖  
                  

 ,       
   ,    
  ,              
  
       
       
      
👉         
  -     
,        
🌟 
            
 
, -   ,        '
            
,  ,         
          
  
📊 


   
-  
    


 
 
 
   
   
     
🌍 
2.
      :          
         - , ,  -
   -           ,    
,   , -          
 
-
5.               
 
:           
          ,     
           -  , 
                
,   ,           
       ,         
                  
-:   
 
              , 
     ,           
         
    ,  
 ,  ,        , 
 , , , ,        ,  
        
       
             ,    ,
        
1.    
   '  -    
   :
2.
 




              
       ,         ,
       
2.   
      '      :
:   
    '  '         
           ,      
         :
-



-
      
            

              :
 
 

  
  
          
, ,  
2.
     :
 

 
  ,          
 
3.    
           
   
:
  
   
  
  
           ,  ,
,     
4.   
,        '     , 
      :
 
  
  
   
       ,   , -  , 
      '   
   
               
  ,                

2.
      
?
     :
   
  
 
    
  
                
   ,        
 :      
                
           
1.     
            :
  
 
  
, , , ,           
 
2.  
                
:







2.
                 
   ,             
3.  
         '    
   :


 


                
        
   
    :
   
      
    
    
      
 :
  
 
 
            
   
   ,          :
,        
2.
      
  
    
,      ,      
   

         ,       
        ,        ,
               -
  ,    ,  
 ,     '
       
  ,    
  ,             


6.              
:🌟-
,   "  "   ,          
             ' 
        - , , ,     -    '
                  
            ,     ,
    
👉  :      ,        
          
🌟         
1.   
            
    NH-1 (-), NH-44,  NH-54  ,
,         
2.
       
        

👉     
          
       
2.    
   (FCI)      ,  
,  
        
         -    
    
👉           
 
3.  
,  "  "   , ,    
  
   
,         
            '  
  
4.     
   -        
  
       ,       
  
 
👉       
      
5.    
:  -          
:            
- :          
🌟         
1.   
         
   , , ,     
2.
  , ,      ,     
  
2.    
        
               
 
      
 ,      


👉  ,    ()      
3.    
,        
-   
 
         
 
4.  
 
      -     
  (  )         
         
 
5.    
   -
     
     
 
🌟     
    
 -      
  ,     
 ,     
  ,      
     
  
👉:     
     , 
       
🌟  
2.
1.  '   
 '     ' -      
           
2.   
       
     ' -        
3.   
      
 
         ,   
  
4.  
 ,       
           
📖  
                  
,    FCI      ,      
      ,     
  ,  
   
👉   
              
  
🌟 
            ,   
  
    ,       
 
,           

,     -       
    
📊 

  


,   ,  
    
2.

,  , -
 
 

    
 ..  
🌍 
                 '
          
,  ,   
             ,  
              
       
 
-
7.           
:         
 
    ,  
 ,       
 ,      '      "  " 
  ,              "" 
   ''   ,           
 , ,          
 '     ,        
       ,    (   )
         
🌍    
        ,      
   
  ,      ,       
;
         
 
1.      
,  -    ,           
               
   ,  "   "      
  
 
2. -   
2.
     ,   -  -     
  
             ,  
        
3.   
      :
 
 
      
         
         
 ,    
 
 
4.     
 -   ,        
,              
5.  
           ,     
   :
   
 
            ,   
   
 
6.   
                 
 :


  
, ,     
         
7.    
2.
   ,   - ,    ,      
  
   ,          
,   , ,      
 
🌿    
                
        '   ,     
  ,               , 
       
1.        
       :
-  -  
 
 
 
   ,     '        

2.   '  
,         :
 ()
 ( )


 ()



         
         
  '      , ,       
3.    
     ,          , 
 :
2.



             
4.  
,     
 
:
        
     '   
   
, ,   
 ,            ,       
              
5.     
     ,        , 
  :


  
,      '
6.   
    :
 
 
 
            
🌦   '  
  :
  (45°C )
  (   C  )
2.
  (  )
    '     :
 
 
- 

    ,     


              ' , 
     ,          
 
       ,       '  
,                 
       
       
   ,  ,         
    
8.   '   :
(i)     
(ii)     
:🌍     🏭   

🌟-
     -  ,         
 ,   ,           ,
  ,           
       ,       
   ,           
👉  :   
    ,    

      
2.
🌍(i)     
1.  
     "   "
        ,  , , 
      
              
2.    
   20
     ,      
 ,         
         
  ,         
👉   
 -        
3.   
 :       ,    
    
:   '     ,     
    
 :          ,    
    
:         
4.   
   , , ,     
,  ,       ,      

5.   
:      ,  ,     

:  " "       
        
:     ,        
    
: ,    ,      
  
2.
👉     '          
 
6.   
                
          
     
   
              - 
       
🏭(ii)     
1.  
       ,  ,  , ,   
    
            
2.    
?
   :      
 :        
:        
 :       
3.   
:"  "     , , ,  
   
 :          
:  ,         
 :    
4.     
  :     ,     

 :    
- :   ,  ,   
 :    ,      
5.    
 :       
 
:     ,  '  
 
2.
:           
:,     ,     
 
6.   
  -     :  ,    
  ;        ;     
             ,   
    
🌟    



 

    
 
 ,  

 ,  
🌍 
   -        ,   
              ,   
    
    ,  
   
   ,   ,    
"              
 
       ,       
 "